This is the first study showing smokers are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than lung cancer and to show they are more likely to die from a fatal cardiovascular event without warning
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Discussion In this study, we showed that cigarette smoke exposure, even without the presence of tobacco, promoted lung inflammatory injury, as indicated by the presence of inflammatory cells in BALF and oxidative stress (measured by TBARS levels, a reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT)
The report, which is published every three years, tracks progress against targets set under the Health 2020 initiative, adopted in 2012